Ecstasy
Ecstasy, also commonly known as MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or "Molly," is a synthetic psychoactive drug. It is considered a central nervous system stimulant with hallucinogenic properties. It is a controlled substance with no approved medical use in many places, and its recreational use carries significant health risks.
Here is a general overview of the substance:
How It Works in the Body
MDMA works by profoundly affecting the brain's neurotransmitters, particularly serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical messenger that influences mood, sleep, appetite, and emotions. MDMA causes a massive release of serotonin, as well as a lesser release of dopamine and norepinephrine, leading to a cascade of effects:
Feelings of Euphoria and Empathy: The surge of serotonin creates a sense of well-being, emotional warmth, and a strong feeling of connection and empathy with others.
Stimulant Effects: The release of dopamine and norepinephrine increases energy, alertness, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Altered Perception: It can slightly alter the perception of time, touch, sound, and light.
Appearance and Forms
MDMA is most commonly found in a few forms:
Pills/Tablets: These are often referred to as "ecstasy" and come in various colors and shapes, frequently with imprinted logos or designs. The purity and dosage of these pills are highly variable and can be dangerous.
Powder/Crystals: This form is often sold as "Molly" (short for "molecular"). It is typically a white or off-white powder or crystals. However, even this form is not guaranteed to be pure MDMA and can be mixed with other substances.
Signs of Use
The effects typically begin within 30-45 minutes and can last for several hours. Observable signs of use may include:
Physical: Dilated pupils, increased body temperature and sweating, jaw clenching or teeth grinding, and an increased heart rate.
Psychological and Behavioral: A euphoric and talkative mood, heightened senses, and a strong desire to touch or be close to others.
Significant Risks and Other Important Information
The use of ecstasy/MDMA is associated with serious health risks:
Hyperthermia and Dehydration: The stimulant effects of the drug combined with physical activity can lead to a dangerous increase in body temperature (hyperthermia), which can cause kidney, liver, or heart failure.
Cardiac Issues: The increased heart rate and blood pressure can be dangerous, especially for individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.
Neurotoxicity: Research suggests that long-term or heavy use may cause damage to serotonin-producing neurons in the brain, which can lead to lasting problems with memory, mood, and sleep.
Unknown Purity: Pills and powders sold on the street are often "adulterated," meaning they contain other dangerous substances like methamphetamine, bath salts, or synthetic cathinones. This makes the drug's effects unpredictable and significantly increases the risk of overdose.
Mental Health: After the effects wear off, users often experience a "comedown," which can include feelings of confusion, depression, anxiety, and paranoia due to the depletion of serotonin.